Geological sequestration is one way to store CO2 underground in saline Aquifers along with CO2 EOR that helps oil companies reduce their carbon footprint.
The geological sequestration project comprises of three stages:
Site Characterization
The site characterization addresses three questions:
Do we have CAPACITY in the geological formation to store the gas?
Does formation have adequate reservoir characteristics to INJECT the CO2?
Are reservoir characteristics good enough to STORE & CONTAIN the CO2 plume
Injection
CO2 is injected in a dedicated well (30 years) and plume is monitored
Monitoring of The injected Plume
The monitoring of CO2 plume is referred to as MMV plan;
MEASUREMENTS: Several measurements & samples are collected during lifetime.
MONITORING: Wells and site are continuously monitored for any leakage.
VERIFICATION: Of plume movement against the predicted performance form the models provides the verification.
TRAPING MECHANISMS
Trapping mechanisms vary with the time scale; greatest security of CO2 storage is provided by the long-term storage solution (example mineralization).
In early phase ( < 100 years); structural & stratigraphic trapping is dominant.
Onwards, residual & solubility trapping of CO2 in becomes dominant
In the long-term (>1000 years); mineral trapping is the main storage mechanism
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